Python – Data Types

Hello Technotizers, in this article we will dive deep into the different data types offered by Python. In programming, variables are used to store data of different data types.

 Following are the built-in data types in Python of different categories:

   Text Type:                    string

   Numeric Types:           integer, float, complex

   Sequence Types:          list, tuple, range

   Mapping Type:            dictionary

   Set Types:                    set, frozenset

   Boolean Type:              bool

   Binary Types:               bytes, bytearray, memoryview

Ø  Int data type:

Int, or integer is a whole number which is positive or negative, without decimals of unlimited length.

type() method is used to get the type of the data. 

n = 10        
print(type(n))

The output is obtained as followed:

      <class 'int'>

 

Ø  Float data type:

Float, or floating point number is a positive or negative number with one or more decimal places.

f1 = 1.53      
f2 = -25.52    
print(type(f1))
print(type(f2))

The output is obtained as followed:

<class 'float'>
<class 'float'>

Ø  Complex data type: 

Complex numbers have a real part and an imaginary part as “j”. For e.g. 4+5j is a complex number.

c1 = 2+6j      
c2 = -7j       
print(type(c1))
print(type(c2))

The output is obtained as followed:

<class 'complex'>
<class 'complex'>

 

Python can handle complex numbers and its associated functions using the file “cmath”. Complex numbers have their uses in many applications related to mathematics and python provides useful tools to handle and manipulate them.

 

·         Finding the real and imaginary part:

The methods real() and imag() are used for extracting the real and imaginary parts of the complex number. 

c = 4+5j                        
print("Real part:", c.real)     
print("Imaginary part:", c.imag)

               The output is obtained as followed:

Real part: 4.0     
Imaginary part: 5.0
 

·         Converting real numbers to complex number:

 

A complex number is represented by “x + yi “. Python converts the real numbers x and y into complex using the function complex(x,y).

import cmath     
x = 3            
y = 7            
z = complex(x,y) 
print(z)         

                The output is obtained as followed: 

(3+7j)

·         Phase of complex number:

 

Geometrically, the phase of a complex number is the angle between the positive real axis and the vector representing the complex number. This is also known as the argument of complex number. Phase is returned using phase(), which takes complex number as argument. The range of phase lies from -pi to +pi. i.e from -3.14 to +3.14.

import cmath                               

x = 3                                      

y = 5                                      

z = complex(x,y);                          

c=cmath.phase(z)                           

print("The phase of complex number is :",c)

The output is obtained as followed:

The phase of complex number is : 1.0303768265243125

 

Ø  Type conversion in Python:

Python type conversions are used to convert one data type into another using certain built-in functions which is useful in day to day and competitive programming.

There are two types of type conversions in python:

1)      Implicit type conversion:

In this, the Python interpreter automatically converts one data type to another without any user involvement. Let’s see an example below:

a = 5                         

print("a is of type:",type(a))

b =  4.5                      

a = a+b                       

print("Addition is:", a)      

print("a is of type:",type(a))

The output is obtained as followed:

a is of type: <class 'int'>  
b is of type: <class 'float'>
Addition is: 9.5             
a is of type: <class 'float'>

 

So it is observed that ‘a’ got converted into float type form integer type automatically after getting added with ‘b’ which was a floating number.

 

2)  Explicit type conversion:

 

In this, the user has to manually change the type of the data by using some functions as per their requirement.

 

x = 1         

y = 2.8       

a = float(x)  

b = int(y)    

c = complex(x)

print(a)      

print(b)      

print(c)      

print(type(a))

print(type(b))

print(type(c))

The output is obtained as follows: 

1.0              
2                
(1+0j)           
<class 'float'>  
<class 'int'>    
<class 'complex'>

 

1.      int(a, base): This function converts any data type to integer. ‘Base’ specifies the base in which string is if the data type is a string.

2.      float(): This function is used to convert any data type to a floating-point number.

3.      ord() : This function is used to convert a character to integer.

4.      hex() : This function is to convert integer to hexadecimal string.

5.      oct() : This function is to convert integer to octal string.

 

Note: Complex numbers cannot be converted into other data types.

 

Here, we end this article. Hope it was helpful. See you then!!

Keep coding and exploring new techs!!